College Essay Samples of Format

College Essay Samples of FormatThere are a number of different ways to approach essay writing, but if you are struggling with your research then it is worth spending some time trying out a number of college essay samples of format. This way you can get a feel for the style of writing that you will have to adopt when writing your own dissertation or other academic papers.Essay samples of format vary enormously in terms of structure and style. There are many kinds of formats and although not all of them are appropriate for all types of academic writing, there are some general ones that you should use when writing essays.You will need to write an outline. An outline will help you think about how you want your paper to go and what steps you need to take. In order to write an outline, you will need to read at least one essay sample of format that contains an outline.The outline should be clear and should include the steps you will need to take in order to cover a specific topic. It is bes t to avoid any guesswork and go straight into the details in the outline.Once you have an outline, you will need to break the outline down into sections. You will need to make sure each section will fit within the length of the essay and also include enough detail to provide information on each topic. For example, in order to complete the outline you will need to write one paragraph on the main idea, two paragraphs on the evidence used, and one paragraph on the interpretation.Once you have your outline broken down into sections, you will need to write your introduction. This section should be clear and factual, so that your reader is aware of what the paper is about. It is also a good idea to include a summary of the topic that will summarize the key points in the paper.After the introduction you will need to include at least one paragraph on the conclusion. In this paragraph you will need to give more detail on the main topic, and you will also need to give sufficient evidence that your conclusion is correct.You should remember that when you are looking at college essay samples of format that the paper should flow naturally and be easy to understand. You should avoid using long and difficult sentences because they make it hard for your reader to follow what you are trying to say.

Adipic Acid Essays - Commodity Chemicals, Adipic Acid, Nylon

Adipic Acid SWOSU ICER98 submitted 2/23/98 Bart Barnett, Bill McKinley, Darren Toczko, Kevin Worley Adipic acid is one of the most used chemicals in the world today, conversly, it contributes significantly to the production of nitrous oxides (NOx), a greenhouse gas. Many methods are available to produce adipic acid, with various results and potential for pollution. The following paper discusses the impacts that adipic acid has on our society and the worlds environment. At the end of the paper, is a list of some of the sources used for this topic. Any disagreements between the various sections of this article probably resulted from this being a group effort. Uses Adipic acid is a very important chemical that is used all over the world to produce various products that people use every day. Nylon 6.6, foams, paints and tires are just a few of the products that are formed by the use of adipic acid (AAD). Adipic acid is also used as a food ingredient in gelatins, desserts and other foods that require acidulation. Nylon 6.6 is the largest outlet for adipic acid, accounting for more than 89% of the total consumption in North America. One of the leading producers, BASF, produces 70 million pounds of nylon per year. Nylon is used for everyday applications such as electrical connectors, cable tires, fishing line, fabrics, carpeting, and many other useful products. Production The consumption and production for adipic acid is dominated by the United States. Of the 2.3 million metric tons of adipic acid produced worldwide, 42% is produced in the United State while the United State consumes 62% of total production. Western Europe produces the majority of the remaining adipic acid with 40%, and 13% in Asia-Pacific, while the other regions account for the remaining 5%. The process of producing adipic acid can be done by using different reactions. The main reaction is by the oxidation of cyclohexane into cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. Another industry reaction is by the hydrogenation of benzene into cyclohexane and then oxidation. Adipic acid can be produced from butadiene by carboalkoxylation, but this process is not commercialized. The production of adipic acid through the oxidation of cyclohexane is done by reacting cyclohexane with oxygen for air in the presents of a catalyze of cobalt or manganese at a temperature of 150C to 160C. This reaction forms a mixture of the cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone. The products are distilled to remove the unreacted cyclohexane which is recycled. The cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone are then reacted with nitric acid and air with a copper and vanadium catalyst. In this reaction, air is the oxidation reactant that produces the adipic acid. This reaction produces almost all of the world's adipic acid. There are variations of this reactions first step producing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol from cyclohexane. This includes the using of Boron oxide hydroxide and oxygen, or by oxygen and a catalysis to form the intermediate cyclohexyl hydroperoxide with further reaction with catalytic amounts of transition metals. The second step also can be done by reacting cyclohexanol and cyclohex anone with only air and catalytic amounts Cobalt, copper, and manganese. This non-nitric acid process has the advantages of no risk of corrosion and no NOx are produced. The disadvantage is that succinic acid and glutartic acid is formed with the adipic acid, thus making purification a problem. Phenol can be substituted for cyclohexane. This involves the hydrogenation on the phenol into cyclohexanol with elemental hydrogen and a catalysis. From the cyclohexanol, nitric acid is used to form the adipic acid. The process of production of adipic acid from benzene is commercially used, but does not account for a major amount of the total production. This reaction, starting with benzene, produces cyclohexane as an intermediate step. Then the reaction continues, as in the cyclohexane path of reaction. The change of the benzene to cyclohexane is done by simply hydrogenation of the benzene. The benzene can also be change into phenol, and the reaction process that pathway. The production of adipic acid with carboalkoxylation of butadiene is new and only in the experimental stage, but may hold promise for a less expense production. Many alternate processes have been researched; but so far, the oxidation of cyclohexane with nitric acid is the most efficient. So in turn, it